Monday, December 30, 2019

The Suffering Of Christians By Ascetic Christians

Christians that devoutly abstained form worldly pleasures were known as ascetic christians. These christians recognized a distinct difference between the body and the soul. Early ascetic christians privileged the soul over the body because the body was a symbol of mortality and sin, while the soul was a symbol of spirituality and salvation. Therefore, ascetic christians imposed suffering on their bodies and renounced pleasure in order to draw closer to the divine nature of God by strengthening the soul. These sufferings included abstaining from sex, giving up material goods, and fasting. Different levels of sufferings were experienced by ascetic christians and the audience of the works factored into the levels suffering described in our readings. The suffering of christians written for ascetic christians that were wealthy was vastly different than that of ascetic christians that simply wanted to become extreme ascetics or â€Å"better† christians. One of the means of suffering , or actually, renouncing of pleasure practiced by ascetic christians was abstaining from sex. The abstaining of sex was used to become closer to God by denying the worldly pleasure of sex. Sex satisfied the body, but ascetic christians wanted to strengthen and satisfy their souls. They believed that sex was easy to exploit and that it was the cause of many lustful sins. This proved that the body was truly mortal and the cause of sin, and to strengthen the soul ascetic christians had to abstain and purifyShow MoreRelatedSimilarities Between Christianity And Christianity1220 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent in their ideas about life, death, the nature of man and the nature of the universe. I will attempt to contrast these two glorious belief systems, Buddhism and Christianity, and show both their similarities, and their differences. The Christian faith came out of a tumultuous time for the Jewish people. The Romans had just secured control of the Judea from the Seleucids c. 40 BCE, and even before then the people of Judea had not had the right of self-rule since before the Babylonian ExileRead MoreCompare And Contrast Christianity And Buddhism1265 Words   |  6 Pagesof the Christian religion. He is one with the trinity. The Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. In other words, The Trinity is †¦ †¦the doctrine that the Christian God is three beings in one. These are the Father, the Son (Jesus), and the Holy Spirit. The basic character of this doctrine was hammered out at the Council of Nicea in 325. It holds that God is One—he is not multiple—even though the three parts have done different things and function in different ways. (UOW) As a Christian, it isRead MoreThe Distinguishment Of Religions : Christianity Vs. Buddhism1389 Words   |  6 Pagessociety, there is major controversy and hostility between Christianity and Buddhism. I myself am a Christian, but I realized that most of the stuff that my religion is based upon can relate to some of the stuff that the Buddhist religion is based upon. Some may think that these two religions are very distinguished, but in actuality, there is not much of a difference. The fundamentals and beliefs of Christians and Buddhists are different, but I found that the concept behind those fundamentals and beliefsRead MoreThe Purpose of Suffering: a Christian Perspective1635 Words   |  7 PagesThe Purpose of Suffering: A Christian Perspective The concept of suffering plays an important role in Christianity, regarding such matters as moral conduct, spiritual advancement and ultimate destiny. Indeed an emphasis on suffering pervades the Gospel of Mark where, it can be argued, we are shown how to â€Å"journey through suffering† (Ditzel 2001) in the image of the â€Å"Suffering Son of Man† (Mark 8:32), Jesus Christ. Although theologians have suggested that Mark was written to strengthen the resolveRead MoreEssay on Jesus and Buddha925 Words   |  4 PagesSiddhartha came to realize that he could not be happy living as he had been. He had discovered suffering, and wanted more than anything to discover how one might overcome suffering.† (Boeree, George) He set forth to the forest, giving away his rich clothes, horse, and shaving his head. He started doing private practices with a group of five ascetics. Together they practiced for 6 years and the ascetics were so astonished they soon become followers of Siddhartha. Siddhartha still wasn’t satisfiedRead MoreEssay about A Christian View of Suffering1562 Words   |  7 Pages The concept of suffering plays an important role in Christianity, regarding such matters as moral conduct, spiritual advancement and ultimate destiny. Indeed an emphasis on suffering pervades the Gospel of Mark where, it can be argued, we are shown how to journey through suffering (Ditzel 2001) in the image of the Suffering Son of Man (Mark 8:32), Jesus Christ. Although theologians have suggested that Mark was written to strengthen the resolve of the early Christian community (Halpern 2002Read MoreThe Philosophy Of Buddhism, By Dalai Lama1351 Words   |  6 Pagesestablished by Buddha, Prince Siddhartha Gautama (Buddhanet.net, 2016). He was born into a wealthy family, in around 563-568 BCE. Confronted by the harsh reality of old age, disease and death, he left his riches behind and spent many years travelling as an Ascetic. Siddhartha realised that he had reached the polar opposite of his life before, so decided to substitute meditation for self-punishment. He was meditating under the sacred Bodhi tree when he first had his enlightened revelations. Since then, theRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1167 Words   |  5 Pagesaction has an equal and opposite reaction. As such, an underclass was borne out of these events. This underclass is what Nietzsche terms the â€Å"ascetic ideal†-a class of priests whose value system was fundamentally opposed to that of the elite-their morality consisted of a denial of vigorous capacity, a denial of the elites’ affirmation of suffering. This, Nietzsche believes, is the origin of altruism. However, by the constitutive nature of an elite class, it cannot stay on top for long. TheRead MoreEastern Religions : A Discussion On Buddhism And Hinduism1608 Words   |  7 Pagesto make me a great king, my father shielded me from the human suffering and the four sights: a dead body, an aged person, a diseased person, and an ascetic monk. I lived a life of luxury until I was exposed to the suffering of my people at age twenty-nine. I made it my goal to ‘overcome old age, illness, and death’ (Chackal Buddhism 6). I lived my life as an ascetic and then as a mendicant, but I never found my solution to human suffering in these practices. After meditating and fasting for forty-nineRead MoreEssay on A Submissive Movement: Fear or Devotion864 Words   |  4 PagesImitating the trials and sufferings of early Christianity’s martyrdom, and following the temptations, fasting and suffering of Jesus in the weeks leading up to his death (Queen). It attempts to unify the bo dy and the soul. It also â€Å"embraces the whole realm of spiritual method and discipline, including the solitude, silence, and devotions of monastics, the austerities of shamans, and the severe practices of ascetics seeking special insights and vision( Queen). Christians would partake in asceticism

Sunday, December 22, 2019

The Legend Of Sleepy Hollow - 2025 Words

Throughout the United States, the story of the Headless Horseman, described in â€Å"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow† is well-known in American folklore. It is a scary story that many children tell around the campfire in an attempt to scare one another, saying that if someone is not careful, the Headless Horseman will come for them. However, many Americans do not realize that this legend originated from a story that appears in Washington Irving’s book, The Sketchbook of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. Washington Irving was born to a Scottish immigrant family on April 3, 1783, in New York City. Later that year, The Treaty of Paris was signed, signaling that America had at long last won her independence from Great Britain (Irving, Norberg, and Stade iii). From that point on, the United States of America began the journey to find an identity to call its own. Before, when these people were a colony of Great Britain, they identified themselves as a part of the greatest empire on Earth. H owever, by the time of the Revolution many of the colonists were questioning their identity and position within the British Empire. Through gaining their freedom, this new nation was able to create a new identity, generating what was thought to be a purely American culture. Living through this time of change, Washington Irving wrote about the emerging society from a critical standpoint. Although Irving lived through the times of change, he was critical of how these changes, specifically those of capitalism andShow MoreRelatedThe Legend Of Sleepy Hollow895 Words   |  4 Pagestime that â€Å"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow† was written, Capitalism was the dominant mode of production, and capitalist markets were spreading rapidly. This became especially true in the United States of America, which was heavily influenced by the British in matters of economy. Since capitalism was born in England, the influence of capitalism bled over into America while they were still under British rule (Wolf et al. 2670). However, by 1820, the year that â€Å"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow† was publishedRead MoreThe Legend Of Sleepy Hollow1179 Words   |  5 PagesOn October 12th, 2017, the Averitt Center produced â€Å"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow† at the Black Box Theatre in Statesboro, GA. â€Å"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow† is based on the story by Washington Irving and was dramatized by Kathryn Schultz Miller. â€Å"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow† was directed by Bathany DeZelle. Main actors were Zac Davis, Edward Preble, Grace Jarrell, John Parcels, Edy Kaleta, Aubrey Roberts, Sofia Costantini, Kenzie Cannady, Kian DeVine, and Ernesto Moina. Other actors included were XavierRead MoreThe Legend of Sleepy Hollow800 Words   |  4 PagesThe narration in The Legend of Sleepy Hollow functions as a way to give authority to the women of Tarry Town. This power of feminine is elicit by Washington Irving who gives respect and superiority to women indirectly, but yet evidently through third person narration. Furthermore through Katrina he parallels the power of Tarry Town’s women by illustrating their agency to beget the downfall of Ichabod. Irving draws out Katrina Van Tassel only in relation to the farm not to demean her, but rather toRead MoreThe Legend Of Sleepy Hollow920 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow† Sleepy Hollow is a small Dutch town in rural New York. The women of these Dutch communities sit around their spinning wheels telling each other folklore and legends. One of these legends is about a Hessian soldier who got his head shot clean off by a cannon-ball in the Civil War. Every night he goes out to look for his head. This is what a female story looks like during the 1800’s. Focuses on legends and myths that the women can talk about during their gossip. HoweverRead MoreThe Legend Of The Sleepy Hollow1413 Words   |  6 PagesThe Legend of the Sleepy Hollow â€Å"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow† is a rather intriguing story about an American man Ichabod Crane who relocates to the small town of Sleepy Hollow. It is a town that is quite superstitious and seems to be haunted by the ghost of a headless horse-rider. In the town, Crane falls in love with a girl Katrina and is held in a twist with another suitor Brom. However, as Brom has been able to intimidate all other potential suitors, he is unable to scare Ichabod away physicallyRead MoreThe Legend Of Sleepy Hollow2024 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Washington Irving, is the author of the tale â€Å"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow,† that was written in the nineteenth century (Baym 25). Irving was born in New York City on April 3rd, 1783 and was the last of eleven children. At home, Irving read a wide range of English literature and delighted in many other writers, including Shakespeare, Oliver Goldsmith, and Laurence Sterne. In 1830 Irving bought and began refurbishing a house along the Hudson River near Tarrytown (Baym 25). The beginningRead MoreThe Legend Of Sleepy Hollow886 Words   |  4 PagesWashington Irving wrote â€Å"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow† in 1820. It tells the story of a man named Ichabod Crane, a schoolmaster who persistently frightens himself with supernatural beings he supposes he sees and hears on his way home from school. Later in the story, Crane threatens to take away the love of a lady from a man named Abraham Van Brunt. This man, known as Brom Bones to the townspeople, took advantage of Ic habod Crane’s credulousness to scare him out of town through a prank in whichRead MoreThe Legend Of Sleepy Hollow1026 Words   |  5 Pagesassociate with the idea of abundance. The forests had put on their sober brown and yellow, while some trees of the tenderer kind had been nipped by the frosts into brilliant dyes of orange, purple, and scarlet. In Washington Irving â€Å"The Legend of sleepy Hollow,† setting, characterization, and Irony affect the protagonist in several ways. The night setting is important because it further emphasizes the superstitious theme. A somnolent, illusory effect appears to be dangling around the surroundingRead MoreThe Legend Of The Sleepy Hollow944 Words   |  4 PagesWashington Irving became the first American writer of the nineteenth century to achieve an international literary reputation .One of his greatest tales is â€Å"The Legend of the Sleepy Hollow† is set in a village on the Hudson River (Tarry Town), in which the author created two important characters throughout the story. Ichabod Crane and Brom Bones compete against each other in order to get a woman’s hand in marriage. Although they both want the same girl does not mean that they share more in commonRead More Comparing Sleepy Hollow and The Legend of the Sleepy Hollow Essay979 Words   |  4 PagesComparing Sleepy Hollow and The Legend of the Sleepy Hollow Over time, a change has occurred from the typical horror story to a violent and bloody legend. The original short story The Legend of the Sleepy Hollow is an example of a simple, yet mysterious fable in which Ichabod Crane acts as the protagonist. Ichabod becomes the victim of the feared headless horseman after believing the superstitious tales of this spirit preying in the night. The film that is supposedly based upon the

Saturday, December 14, 2019

Reaction between Valine and Serine Free Essays

A DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is composed of 4 different bases; adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C) and thymine (T). Applying these 4 bases it may contain thousands of sequences within a single strand. Each of these bases makes a specific pairing with a corresponding base whereby the double helix structure is synthesised. We will write a custom essay sample on Reaction between Valine and Serine or any similar topic only for you Order Now This interaction is called base-paring and the complementary base pairs are; T pairs only with A and C only with G. Through this simple coding language, the DNA carries and represents its vast genetic information. Through a process called transcription, the genetic information of DNA is copied to form an intermediary molecule termed ribonucleic acid (RNA/messenger RNA). This formation is synthesised in the same way as DNA replication. However this process occurs only on one DNA strand called template strand. Thus the mRNA is only a single strand with 4 bases; adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C) and uracil (U). The base-pairing rules are, DNAmRNA GC CG TA AU This will be synthesised through enzyme RNA polymerase and happens in the nucleus of the cell. This transcribed mRNA consist the genetic code, which is used to generate proteins in the following process called translation. This code is comprised of triplets that specifies an amino acid (e.g. AUG for methionine) and named as codon. These codons are recognised by transfer RNA. T-RNA can bind specific amino acid on one side by means of enzymes and has got an anticodon consists of triplets on the other side. Each amino acid has got its own tRNA. The 1st mRNA codon will be always AUG, the start codon. Once the 2nd  amino acid is bound to the 1st one, the 1st tRNA will be released and the 3rd one follows. This process is repeated until the so-called stop-codon in the mRNA terminates the growing protein synthesis. The completed protein is then released and takes its own characteristic shape. This process occurs in the cytosol of the cell. The four-character language of DNA/mRNA can be converted into 20-character language of protein. However there are 64 combinations of mRNA codons as there are 4 possibilities for the 1st codon and 4 for the 2nd and 4 for the 3rd (4 x 4 x 4 = 64). Certainly there are many codons for many amino acids; however some are not, for instant stop-/start codons. How to cite Reaction between Valine and Serine, Papers

Friday, December 6, 2019

Cardiovascular Disease Australian Facts 2011

Question: 1. Outline the causes, incidence and risk factors of the identified condition and how it can impact on the patient and family. 2. List five (5) common signs and symptoms of the identified condition; for each provide a link to the underlying pathophysiology a. This can be done in the form of a table each point needs to be appropriately referenced 3. Describe two (2) common classes of drugs used for patients with the identified condition including physiological effect of each class on the body a. This does not mean specific drugs but rather the class that these drugs belong to. 4. Identify and explain, in order of priority the nursing care strategies you, as the registered nurse, should use within the first 24 hours post admission for this patient? Answer: Answer to question1. To intervene the reason behind Mrs. Sharons breathing shortness it was found that the causes of congestive heart failure may include hypertention, coronary artery disease, long-term alcohol consumption, heart valve disorder and few unknown causes, such as: post myocarditis (Butler, 2011). In case of elevated blood pressure (more than 120/80 mm Hg), the condition can cause congestive heart failure. Mrs. Sharons coronary artery got badly damaged and it is a diseased condition that damages the coronary arteries of heart by limiting the flow of the blood. Coronary arteries are the small arteries that deliver blood to the heart (Thorsgard Bart, 2009). Fatty substances and cholesterol can block these arteries and cause narrowing of these arteries, which subsequently lead to the condition of congestive cardiac failure. Heart valves controls the movement of blood flow by closing and opening, allow the blood flow to get in and out of the heart chambers. In case of diseased valves, they fail to properly close and open and may compel the ventricles to function harder during the pumping of blood. Mrs. Sharon has presented to the emergency department due to her increased breathing shortness, dizziness and nausea, which perhaps associated with the condition of CCF. Its presence along with acute exacerbation is supported by her ECG and chest X-ray report. It is estimated that 300,000Australians are currently suffering from CHF and almost 30,000cases are identified every year. According to AIHW, prevalence of hypertension, alcohol consumption, coronary disease, diabetes and obesity are the risk factors, which can lead to congestive heart failure (Aihw.gov.au, 2015). According to Bahrami et al. (2008), there is an association between congestive heart failure and differences in ethnicity. They mentioned that higher chances of CHF incident among the African Americans are associated with variations in the occurrence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension and also socio-economic st atus (Bahrami et al., 2008). The CHF mechanisms differed by cultural background; as in case of the African Americans, myocardial infarction has least influence among this population. CHF is a consequence of atherosclerosis and hence risk factors related with CHF are the same. These are: hypertension, diabetes, and myocardial infarction, high level of cholesterol, heart enlargement, family history, heart valve complications and smoking (Jonas, 2001). In Mrs. Sharons case, her blood pressure was 105/55 mm Hg, which is lower than the standard blood pressure measurement, hence risk factors associated with hypertension can be ruled out. Her ECG report showed that she has sinus bradycardia, which can be considered as the associated risk factor (Sun, Reiser Chou, 2006). Her x-ray report showed cardiomegaly, which can be considered as the associated risk factor. The rationales behind cardiomegaly may include elevated blood pressure which is improperly treated for longtime, coronary artery disease, alcohol abuse, viral carditis and postpartum cardiomyopathy. In Mrs. Sharons case, blood pressure problem can be assumed as contributing factor for cardiomegaly. Mrs. Sharons condition of congestive heart failure can affect her and her family members. CHF can diminish her daily living activities and can increase anxiety and stress, which in turn can affect his/her emotional expression and behaviors with family members and others (Moore, 2010). Therefore, family members should have the understanding of how to deal with the patients during this phase. Mrs. Sharons acute exacerbation and sinus bradicardiya are expected to be associated with the digoxin toxicity. If the kidneys are working inadequately, digoxin can store inside the system and cannot be removed via urination. Any complication which affects the functionality of the kidneys, such as: dehydration makes digoxin toxicity more likely. Answer to question 2. Five common indications of the congestive heart failure for Mrs. Sharon includes shortness in breathing, crackles sound in the lungs, ascites or fluid accumulation, dizziness and apex beat. Pathophysiology associated with her shortness in breathing is due to congestive heart failure. It presents nocturnal dyspnea and orthopnea, may be because of the feeling of inadequate oxygen, chest tightness and daily living activity. Congestive heart failure takes place when a heart fails to properly circulate the blood successfully and fails to maintain the flow of blood to meet the systems requirements (Saksena, 2005). In such cases if body is not receiving adequate amount of oxygen it is quite obvious that this particular individual will feel suffocated or will be having breathing shortness. In the absence of adequate amount of oxygen and also inefficient heart pumping, the less oxygenated blood will fail to meet the needs of each and every cells of the system. Her condition of crackles or ral es can take place by accumulation of fluid within the atelectasis or small airways. These are generally mentioned as discontinued sounds. This type of sound is heard when air is forcefully pass respiratory passage, which are narrowed down by pus, mucus or fluid. Rales that do not get clear after coughing may represent the presence of heart failure. The reason behind ascites or fluid accumulation is that her condition of heart failure worsens few areas in the leg, like ankle and eventually abdominal area collects fluids, and this condition is referred to as ascites. This might happen because the system retains too much sodium chloride or salt. The excess amount of sodium chloride causes the system to save water. After that this water leaks out into interstitial tissue linings and appears as ascites. Mrs. Sharon also feels dizziness. As it is already mentioned that shortness of breathing in heart failure is due to inadequate amount of oxygen that system receives and the less oxygenate d blood fails to meet the needs of each and every cells of the system. Dizziness happens when brain receives lack of oxygenated blood (Pang Levy, 2010). In the condition of heart failure two factors contribute to the condition of dizziness: one, insufficient amount of blood flow to the brain, as heart fails to properly pump the blood and the next one is lack of oxygenated blood. Her apex beat is due to congestive heart failure. It is seen that congestive cardiac failure includes laterally dislocated apex beat and this happens if heart is increased, which is applicable for Mrs. Sharons case, as her x-ray report showed cardiomegaly. Mrs. Sharons ECG and X-ray report suggest congestive cardiac failure with or without digoxin toxicity. The probable indications associated with digoxin toxicity are confusion, irregular pulse, appetite loss, vomiting, nausea, palpitation and so on. Mrs. Sharons acute exacerbation and sinus bradicardiya are expected to be associated with the digoxin toxici ty. Answer to question 3. Mrs. Sharon is administered with digoxin, which is cardiac glycosides. Digoxin is derived from foxglove or digitalis and used to control cardiac parameters. It especially treats congestive heart failure. Digoxin is an approved drug by Food and Drug Administration (FDA in USA) for use to treat heart failure. Common clinical experience with Digoxin is obtained from older population (Drugbank.ca, 2015). However, digoxin is excreted by the kidneys. The risk associated with toxic reactions to digoxin may be bigger among the patients with impaired renal function. Digoxin comprises aglycone digoxigenin and three sugars. It has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. Digoxin controls ventricular rate in arterial fibrillation. Digoxin obstructs sodium potassium ATPase. Sodium potassium ATPase is a membrane pump and it increases the intracellular sodium amplification (Drugbank.ca, 2015). Calcium sodium exchanger sequentially aims to extrude sodium molecules and by doing so, upta ke more calcium. Increased concentration of intracellular calcium may support contractile protein activation, for example: actin and myosin. Digoxin acts on the cardiac electrical activity and accordingly amplifying the gradient of phase four depolarization. This mechanism shortens the action potential duration and reducing maximum diastolic potential. One common side effect of this drug may include exhaustion. Mrs. Sharon is administered with Frusimide, which is a strong loop diuretic, which is used to treat fluid accumulation within the system or also referred to as edema treatment that assists to eliminate excess fluid from the body (Nlm.nih.gov, 2015). The edema can be the result of heart failure, kidney disorder, cirrhosis and nephritic syndrome. It removes excess fluid from the system by increasing the urine production. It functions relatively faster. In case of Mrs. Sharon suggesting her with Frusemide administration is justified as it can be assumed that because of the conge stive heart failure, she might have developed the problem of fluid accumulation. Fruimide can decrease potassium level in the blood and the mechanism is known as hypokalemia and can typically affect the individuals administering with digoxin. It is justified to mention that administering Mrs. Sharon with cardiac glycosides and loop diuretic are very significant in order to treat her condition of congestive heart failure and ascites. Answer to question4. Priority wise the complications, which should be taken under nursing consideration include shortness of breath, dizziness, nausea, swollen ankles. So, initial 24hours nursing plan is very essential. Mrs. Sharons assessment represents: irregular pulse rhythm, bradycardia, generalized weakness, paleness, Decreased heart output. Her diagnosis includes increased heart output (altered rhythm and heart rate); bradycardia. Her treatment planning should include Short term: 3-4hours later after nursing interventions, Mrs. Sharon will take part in functions, which diminish the heart workload. Long term: 3-4days of nursing care, Mrs. Sharon will display hemodynamic stability. Assessment of abnormal lung sounds and heat sounds: it permits left side heart failure detection, which may take place with persistent renal failure because of the overload of fluid as impaired kidneys are incapable to eliminate water. Monitor pulse and blood pressure is important as patients with kidney malfunction are generally hypertensive that contributes to fluid overload and initiation of rennin-angiotensin mechanism (Bakas et al., 2014). Control cardiac glycosides, as recommended and toxicity monitoring is important as digoxin has positive isotropic effect on myocardium, which strengthens contractility and thus developing cardiac output. Next important nursing intervention could be execution of strategies to take care of electrolyte imbalances and fluid, which reduces the chance for progress of cardiac output because of imbalances. Nurses should instruct patient for adequate sleep and bed rest to promote body relaxation. Result should be monitored of lab test and diagnostic ev aluations are essential as test results provide hints to patient status, disease status and treatment responses. Monitoring ABGs and oxygen saturation are important as these give information about the capacity of the heart to perfuse oxygenated blood with distal tissues. Assessment of peripheral pulses and skin temperature is important as reduced perfusion, tissue oxygenation less important to anemia, inefficiency in pumping may direct to reduction in temperature, peripheral pulses, which are reduced and hard to palpate. After nursing interferences, Mrs. Sharon shall be able to take part in functions, which diminish heart workload and subsequently after 2-3days of nursing interferences, Mrs. Sharon shall achieve hemodynamic stability. References Aihw.gov.au,. (2015).Cardiovascular disease: Australian facts 2011 (AIHW). Retrieved 17 March 2015, from https://www.aihw.gov.au/publication-detail/?id=10737418510 Bahrami, H., Kronmal, R., Bluemke, D., Olson, J., Shea, S., Liu, K. et al. (2008). Differences in the Incidence of Congestive Heart Failure by Ethnicity.Archives Of Internal Medicine,168(19), 2138. doi:10.1001/archinte.168.19.2138 Bakas, T., Clark, P., Kelly-Hayes, M., King, R., Lutz, B., Miller, E. (2014). Evidence for Stroke Family Caregiver and Dyad Interventions: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association and American Stroke Association.Stroke,45(9), 2836-2852. doi:10.1161/str.0000000000000033 Butler, J. (2011). Congestive Heart Failure Special Issue on Advanced Heart Failure.Congestive Heart Failure,17(4), 159-159. doi:10.1111/j.1751-7133.2011.00237.x Drugbank.ca,. (2015).DrugBank: Digoxin (DB00390). Retrieved 17 March 2015, from https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00390 Jonas, B. (2001). Coronary heart disease, smoking and hypertension are the greatest risk factors for congestive heart failure.Evidence-Based Cardiovascular Medicine,5(3), 73-74. doi:10.1054/ebcm.2001.0381 Moore, C. (2010). The Impact of Family Functioning on Caregiver Burden among Caregivers of Veterans with Congestive Heart Failure.Journal Of Family Social Work,13(5), 451-462. doi:10.1080/10522158.2010.514681 Nlm.nih.gov,. (2015).Furosemide: MedlinePlus Drug Information. Retrieved 17 March 2015, from https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a682858.html Pang, P., Levy, P. (2010). Pathophysiology of Volume Overload in Acute Heart Failure Syndromes.Congestive Heart Failure,16, S1-S6. doi:10.1111/j.1751-7133.2010.00167.x Saksena, S. (2005).Electrophysiological disorders of the heart. Philadelphia, Pa.: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone. Sun, W., Reiser, I., Chou, S. (2006). Risk Factors for Acute Renal Insufficiency Induced by Diuretics in Patients With Congestive Heart Failure.American Journal Of Kidney Diseases,47(5), 798-808. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2006.01.031 Thorsgard, M., Bart, B. (2009). Ultrafiltration for Congestive Heart Failure.Congestive Heart Failure,15(3), 136-143. doi:10.1111/j.1751-7133.2009.00054.x